The Electromagnetic Spectrum

There are certain components that make the world around a better habitation and beautiful for human beings. One of such components is the light, which enables us to see each other, and it ensures a harmonious coexistence between human beings. It is unimaginable of living in a world devoid of light; such a thing would make survival very hard.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Electromagnetic Spectrum specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report will look into the various types of instruments used to display light, and how they separate light into various components and how those components may be used in diverse ways of making the human survival on planet earth better. The first instrument in the separation of light, which require discussion, is the electromagnetic spectrum. The invention of this instrument that of late has been integrated into other devices meant a lot in the study of light as well as in astronomy. The electromagnetic spectrum was first made from a prism, which separated white lights into different lights that were of different colors. The different colors came about because the natural light otherwise known as the white light made up different kinds of rays that travel at different wavelength. Though the electromagnetic spectrum did not indicate various wavelengths in which the light photons travelled at, it separated the light into various rays (Browning 39). The other instrument is the spectrometer that is one of the instruments used frequently in matters to do with separation of lights. It is notable that the natural light or the white light has various components that are important for people to be aware. These components of light are the infrared, the ultra violet rays and gamma rays. These components of light differentiated according to their wavelengths in order to distinguish them. One of the tools used in the separation of lights is the spectrometer and it separates the natural light into the diverse wavelength contained therein (Browning 44). The spectrometer is therefore an instrument that measures light by taking into consideration its wavelength. The spectrometer indicates the wavelength of the particular ray. It contains an electromagnetic spectrum, which separates different types of rays contained in a given white light directed to the spectrometer to measure the wavelength of that ray.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because various rays mentioned above that is the infrared, the gammas rays the ultraviolet rays all travel in different wavelengths. The spectrometer indicated the length of the wave that is visible. This made it easier for the wave classification on whether it was for the gamma rays, X rays, the infrared or the ultra violet rays (Browning 54). The other type of device used in the separati on of lights is the spectroscope made using prisms, which has different levels of diffraction to diffract different types of rays on different wavelengths. The modern spectroscopes are modified with the integrated technology, that is different instruments placed in one device such that one device can perform various functions previously done by different kinds of instruments (Faust and Sternberg 67). The spectroscope therefore is a combination of electromagnetic spectrum, which is for diffracting different components of light and a photo detector to detect the light waves. Other than separating light into various components, the spectroscope detects the elements from which the light came from. Robert Bunsen and Gustav Robert put this method in place by explaining that when a particular element receives heat until it produces light is characterized by nature of that element. This means that each element has its own atomic components that are different from that of other elements. Whe n that element is heated, it produces light whose wavelength and color is different from that of other elements (Jay 45). The other closely related instrument is the spectrograph that record spectrum of astronomic once it is obtained so that analysis can be done. This instrument was invented because of advancement in the field of photography. The advancement in photographic films, such that the films had effects of the other forms of light such as the infrared, the X-rays, the ultra violet rays meant that various waves of the lights could be captured and recorded on the film. The spectrograph therefore is a device combining the integrated technology of the spectroscope and the photographic film for recording and detecting various wavelengths emitted by different elements whose light the spectrograph can detect. The modern spectrograph separates the wave of a particular ray into frequency wavelengths that are visible. The recent spectrographs make it possible to view the detected ray on a computer thus making it easier to classify the type of light that the wave is from and the kind of element, which has produced such kind of light. The recording of these lights have also led to the discovery of paint pigments as well as new elements not known before (James 25).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Electromagnetic Spectrum specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other instrument is the beam splitter, which is a device that splits natural light into two. It is a rectangular instrument with two prisms joined together. The beam splitter can also be made of a glass with one side covered with half silver. Depending on the kind of covers used, the beam splitter splits the light into different wavelengths visible to the human eye. Telescope is another device that is relevant to separation of lights, though its basic use is that of observation of remote objects or long distance objects it make s use of the principle of separation of lights to detect the space objects to such as the stars. The telescope combines and separates the rays emitted by the object. It then focuses on that particular ray and the path from which it has come from. That means that telescope is able to focus on one particular star without faltering or drifting to another star (Palmer 88). The modern telescopes are well advanced such that they have inbuilt integrated systems which analyze the elements and materials which are contained by the object which they are viewing. The modern telescopes can be categorized into the optical telescope and the radio telescope. The optical telescope increase the angular size of the object such that the object becomes larger and brighter thus making it more visible. The object when photographed is clear and the photos are stored for further scrutiny (Palmer 72). Other than the field of astronomy, these lens used in optical telescope have other uses such as in spyglasse s and binoculars. The optical telescopes have a further classification into various forms depending on the kind of ray that they use. This means that there are x-ray telescopes, infrared telescopes, gamma ray telescope, and ultraviolet telescope. The x-ray telescopes are used to detect metal components of the stars and other planets in the universe. The ultraviolet detect various elements but mostly used to look for plant components in other planets. The other form of telescope is the radio telescope. This kind of telescope does not deal with light only but it detects microwave radiations (Palmer 69). Conclusion The study of light has changed our world more than expected. The fiber optic used to transfer data from one place to another uses light. The separation of light can be credited to have contributed a lot in this because natural light alone with its potentialities cannot avail the gains brought about by various components of light. As stated earlier, though many theorists do n ot consider light as a basic need for human survival it is still a basic need usually presumed. Food, derived from plants comes about because of photosynthesis made possible by the availability of ultraviolet rays, which originate from the sun. The separation of light has also led to the discovery of elements that remained unknown until the rays indicated that there were such substances. Elements such as lithium and uranium are some of the elements whose existence came to be because of various waves.Advertising Looking for research paper on natural sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other planets may be in oblivion without the instruments that made it possible to separate lights. In the past, only light from the sun-enabled people to see during the day. However, many wonders of the universe such as the planets and stars have been visible during the nights due to the separation of lights. Light is important in the basic survival of the modern man more than any other time in history. Works Cited Browning, John. How to Work With the Spectroscope: A Manual of Practical Manipulation. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1989. Print Faust, James and Sternberg, Richard. The Design of Optical Spectrometer. Berlin: Chapman and Hall Ltd, 1969. Print. James, John. Spectrograph Design Fundamentals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. Print Jay, Pasachoff. Contemporary Astronomy. Philadelphia: Saunders Colleges Publishing, 1981. Print Palmer, Christopher. Diffraction Grating Handbook, 6th edition. California: Newport Corporation, 2005. Print This research paper on The Electromagnetic Spectrum was written and submitted by user Spencer Fisher to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Spiritual Needs and the Elderly essays

Spiritual Needs and the Elderly essays To many people, nursing means the chance to show others that someone out there cares about them. This is especially true of the elderly. Many of these people are often in the hospital, and they do not always have family close by that can come and see them. Sometimes they have no family left at all. All people deserve caring and compassion in their time of need, and none more so than those that do not have anyone close to them. While it is true that nurses are often very busy, being a nurse means making some extra time available to let these people know that they are not alone, and that someone is thinking of them. It may be the only bright spot in their day, and it gives them something to hang on to. One way that nurses can help their elderly patients is through spirituality, because it is something that older people tend to cling to more often than younger people. Some of this likely has to do with the idea that their time might be running short, but it is also likely related to the way that these people were raised and the generation gap that they have with young individuals. Even if a nurse is not particularly religious or does not share the elderly persons religion, there is still help that they can provide. Religious materials can be provided, there may be other patients that share a religion and would like to talk to one another, etc., and a nurse can help facilitate these kinds of things. However, religion is also what many people would consider a touchy subject and therefore nurses must be careful and conscientious so as not to press their own beliefs too strongly. Nurses in the future will have to be even more aware of this as spirituality seems to be growing and how individuals feel about it, as spirituality, religion, and prayer can be considered to be among the list of alternative therapies that are often being addressed today for elderly individuals, especially those that h...

The role of nuclear medicine and other imaging modalities in Article - 1

The role of nuclear medicine and other imaging modalities in hyperthyrodism - Article Example In clinical practice different hyperthyroid conditions such as Graves’ disease, hyperthyroid goiter, and other conditions such as toxic multinodular or nodular goitre need assessment of activity of the gland. In this review, contemporary literature has been reviewed to update current knowledge on this topic. This assignment reveals that radionuclide imaging is an important diagnostic modality in the workup of hyperthyroid disorders, but despite that, in some cases the diagnostic yield is better with ultrasonography or PET scanning. In some cases, combined use of these imaging investigations pinpoints the diagnosis in a more suitable manner. Review of these articles and the knowledge apparent may be used to frame a guideline of advice regarding imaging practice in this area. The thyroid gland produces two hormones, namely, thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These are known to play important physiological roles in the human body. Anatomically, the thyroid gland is located in the neck, in front of the trachea. It comprises of two lobes, right and left, connected by a narrow bridge of thyroid tissue, known as isthmus. It is a very highly vascular organ. The normal adult thyroid gland consists of follicles lined by thyroid follicular cells that contain large amount of thyroglobulin. This serves as the protein precursor of the thyroid hormones (Broome, 2006). Endocrinologically, increased need for thyroid hormone leads to a signal pathway mediated by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) leading to release of active hormone from a bound state with thyroglobulin to a free state, eventually being secreted into the blood stream. When there is hypersecretion of thyroid hormones due to any cause, the condition is known as hyperthyroidism. Usually hyperthyroidis m is indicated by an elevated level of TSH. Therefore, in clinical practice the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism is made by finding an abnormally elevated TSH level which

Corporate Social Responsibility and Disclosure Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Disclosure - Essay Example The abstract summarises in a very few words the contents of the paper. It is well written and divulges important and necessary information that is important from a reader’s perspective to decide whether the paper is of his/her interest or not. In the introduction, the author does a good job introducing the research topic and the reason behind choosing this topic. The introduction clearly states the purpose of the research. The research topic chosen by the author is important, mainly because of the target country/sample – Companies in Saudi Arabia. Going forward Saudi Arabia will not only play an important role in Middle East economy but also in world economy. It is one of the most important emerging markets globally and hence, the author’s topic is justified and relevant. The literature review lacks depth as it only lists the studies/research conducted on the topic and its results but fails to discuss in depth the importance of the findings of those researches. T he author has just touched upon each variable wherein in-depth discussion could have been very effective. The sample chosen and the methodology have been designed carefully by the researcher taking into consideration various factors and the population of the research. The author has explained the reasons behind the chosen research strategy. The researcher finds through this research that firm size significantly positively affects the level of disclosure while the other variables are insignificant. The researcher could have again in detail discussed the reason behind the role of different variables but instead only briefly discusses them. This leaves an opportunity for further research, to understand how and why the variables affect disclosure in companies. Article 2 - Contexts and corporate social responsibility: The case of Saudi Arabia The article looks at the different kinds of the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) related activities in Saudi Arabia. The content of the topic has been well chosen, as this area of the research has not been explored well in the near past. There are a number of the social determinants that need to be taken into the consideration in critiquing the various facets of the paper. As mentioned previously, this area of the research is very significant due to the implications of the research in this area. The definitive principle of this paper deals with the different kinds of the activities being carried out in the state. The title contents have been well chosen. The key words have been provided for the paper, which makes it easier in terms of referring to the relevant contents in terms of the key words. The credentials of the author have been given, but the previous experience in writing the papers is missing. It deals with the present area of the research. The contextual realities of the ground have been detailed. This paper has been written well in a number of the areas. But, on closer introspection; there are a number of areas that seem half-baked. The key drivers of the CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) have been mentioned, but the exhaustive definition of each of the levels has not been provided. The weak points of the stakeholder have been mentioned. The characterization of these points is missing. The explanation also seems very theoretical, failing to explain the mechanisms behind it. Overall, the paper has been very well written; but

Organ Donation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Organ Donation - Research Paper Example First and most of all, one the most important implications that organ donation has is saving life. Indeed, if one takes a brief look at the statistics, one will be able see that the good which can be done is tremendous. For example, a single organ that is extracted from the body of a person who is dead is able to safe eight people (â€Å"All About Donation†). This is quite an astonishing statistics since given the number of organs that a person is able to donate after death, one single person may save up to fifty people. It is rather obvious that a death of a single person is a tragedy, but if it is able to result the continuation of lives of numerous people, the former gains a new sound to it. That is why a person who donates one’s organs as basically a hero who saves many lives. Another point which should be noted is that the issues of organ donation and saving lives might be viewed from a rather surprising point of view. Thus, one can hardly disagree that life is the best gift that a person can receive. However, in the course of out daily routine people tend to forget about it and that being alive for granted. Moreover, the ability to give life is largely thought to be mystical and is often attributed to deities. In addition to that, if a person could chose what one would like to receive as the ultimate gift, one would definitely choose being immortal.

Ribozymes Essay -- Biology, Catalytic Molecules, RNA

Ribozymes are catalytic molecules that cleave the ribonucleic acid (RNA) at specific sequences (Gesteland et al. 2006). RNA is the nucleic acid that is made in the process of transcription; when the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) anneals, it transcribes itself into a linear stranded molecule called RNA. In order for RNA to synthesise proteins, it requires catalytic enzymes to perform certain chemical reactions. In the past, it was thought that all chemical reactions are catalysed by protein enzymes; however, in the eighties this hypothesis was disproved as Thomas Cech and Sydney Altman discovered that RNA is able to carry out self-catalysing activities which were named as ribozymes because they perform similar functions as the protein enzymes (Jaeger, 1997). Even though, RNA ribozymes lack the functional groups diversity found in protein enzymes, they are able to carry out their own catalytic reactions due to their tendency to fold into a 3D structure and form helices by Watson-Crick ba se pairing role (Kiehntopf et al. 1995). Ribozymes are now play critical role in the understanding of biochemistry, as they have the ability to catalyse some of the most important chemical reactions such as RNA splicing as well as the synthesis of peptides, for instance ribozymes can speed up the phosphoryl transfer chemical reactions by 1011 folds. This review will describe the structure, sources and applications of ribozymes. There are several naturally occurring ribozymes that have been identified to date; these are divided into three distinct classes. Firstly, the self splicing introns that fall into groups I and II respectively depending on their structure and the recognition sequences. Self splicing group I intron was the first ribozyme to b... ...the cells, the localisation of the ribozymes in the cells as well as the selection site of the messengerRNA (James and Gibson, 1998). Ribozymes are currently considered to hold many promises for the future development of gene therapy as they have the ability to splice and cleave any target RNA sequences. There are seven natural ribozymes known and several artificial ribozymes have been created. These artificial ribozymes are being used as therapeutic agent to target the aberrant gene expression in many lethal diseases such as cancer. The limitation of artificial ribozymes is mainly due to the difficulty in their delivery to the target cells. Therefore, more research needs to be conducted in thoroughly studying the organisation and structures of the natural RNA ribozymes to achieve successful artificial ribozymes that have complex function in the future.

American Art Project Essay

It is believable that John Vanderlyn, in his painting Landing of Columbus, was trying to portray the success of Columbus and his crew. Columbus heroic stance and elegant expression are made all the more impressive in comparison to the native people who witness the event. The Native Americans are naked, fearful or subservient, bowing down before the explorer in awe and reverence. The symbols of empire are shown in the heroic explorer with his Christian crosses and steel swords symbolizing the significance in the power of civilization. In 1836 of June, Congress had commissioned John Vanderlyn to paint the Landing of Columbus. About eleven years later the painting was hung in the Rotunda by January 1847. Expansion was an overwhelming preoccupation in nineteenth-century America, but it was by no means the only cultural preoccupation. The subject of the painting, foregrounding the ambiguous meeting of two cultures, provided a space for artists to work out many central issues, for example, how to reconcile Indian Removal with notions of the Noble Savage. Another way is how to remake a country torn apart by sectional strife. The following settlements and expansions span the period from 1835 to 1912. Americans had a chaotic eighty-year period that witnessed the filling of Americas geographical borders, the bloody anguish of the Civil War, the horror of slavery in America, the overthrow of Native peoples, and many more events pertaining to the expansion. Vanderlyns painting contains images of contact between European explorers and Native Americans. He clearly shows a representation of what many of the settlements contained and how frightened the Natives were. John Trumbulls painting of the Declaration of Independence depicts the signing of the declaration by forty-two out of the fifty-six and five patriots. It is believed that Trumbull was paid to paint Jeffersons foot on top of Adams foot to illustrate that Jefferson dominated Adams. However, as time passed, the painting had been exposed to smoke, dirt, humidity, and other elements. Before modern art preservation was mastered, the painting had been repainted to repair damaged areas. The repairing is what changed the shape of Jeff ersons foot to look as though it was on Adams foot. The painting of the Declaration of Independence was commissioned by Congress in1817, but the painting was not hung until October 5, 1818. There were no major events recorded during the time of Trumbulls painting. However there were many  questions being asked about what compelled Trumbull to paint the scene inaccurately Trumbulls depiction was not to paint the scene correctly, but to show value of the document and its sacred place in our nations history. He wanted to capture the real meaning of the Declaration of Independence and the men who wrote and signed it. It is promising that John Trumbull did a very good job at communicating his message through context and content. Similar to Trumbulls Declaration of Independence, the General George Washington Resigning His Commission painting features an arrangement of characters with figures standing and seated in the background. Also, in the central action being the transfer of documents, George Washington is standing in the center showi ng the democratic ideal shared between the two paintings. Furthermore, the addition of a draped cloak over Washingtons chair is reminiscent of a kings robe over a throne. This symbolization is of Washingtons retirement from rule and establishing civilian authority over the military. Trumbulls painting General George Washington Resigning His Commission was commissioned in 1817 and hung in 1824. Many events have occurred during this time, however, none pertain to Trumbulls painting. On the other hand, the painting depicts Washington submitting his resignation as Army Commander-in-Chief to the Congress on December 23, 1783. Washington stands in the center of the room at the Maryland State House in Annapolis, where Congress was meeting at the time, and addresses the president of the Congress. Trumbull, although he added extra people in his painting, depicted a clear message about George Washington and his resignation. The Embarkation of the Pilgrims by Robert Weir affects many people with the upsetting feeling many get from reading the words of one of the Pilgrims, We sang psalms and were merry. The painting is gloomy, hard and uninteresting, but depicts the respect of the general public because of its deep religious spirit. Also, because of the clever handling of shadowing and general carefulness, the painting has an admirable technique. In 1836, the United States government commissioned Robert W. Weir to paint the Embarkation of the Pilgrims and hung in 1843. The Mexican war was an event that inspired Weirs painting. The moral and geographic greatnesses were absolutely holey understandings. In other words, when the land was conquered through an event like the Mexican War, it was ultimately acceptable by the righteous promise of the Embarkation. The painting represents significant  historical moments leading to the founding of the American Republic. The painting clearly depicts the Pilgrim families gathered around their pastor, John Robinson, for a farewell service on the deck of the Speedwell before its departure from Holland. Thomas Hart Benton, Missouri Benton was born on March 14, 1782, in Hillsboro, North Carolina. When his family migrated to Tennessee his father had died, and as a young man, was left in charge of significant land holdings. Benton, who established a law practice, also served as a colonel in th e War of 1812 under General Andrew Jackson. He practiced law and edited the second newspaper west of the Mississippi after moving to St. Louis, Missouri in 1815. In 1820, Benton ran for Senate with the interests of bettering the western territories. His support of the anti-United States Bank earned him support. However, Bentons anti-slavery views cost him the seat as Senate. In 1852 Benton was elected to the House of Representatives, but only served one term. Benton had written Thirty Years from 1855 to 1858 and Abridgement of Debates of Congress from 1789 to 1856. Benton Died on April 10, 1858. Personaly, Thomas Benton is a good choice to represent the stateof Missouri. However, he should have thought carefully about the slavery terms. Francis Blair, Missouri Francis Blair, born on February 19, 1821, in Lexington, Kentucky, attended schools in Washington, D.C. and graduated from Princeton University in 1841. Most importantly Blair had studied law at Transylvania University. In 1842he went on to practice in St. Louis, Missouri. During the Mexican War, Blair was selected as attorney general for the New Mexican Territory. He was also a personal friend of Thomas Benton. The only difference between the two men is that Benton was for slavery and Blair was against it. Blair, in 1852, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. However, he was defeated in 1858. In 1860 he was reelected into the House. During he Civil War Benton served as a major general, and in 1861, was saved Missouri for the Union. Unfortunately, his helping with the Union left him broke and unsuccessful for election as vice president in 1868. In 1871 he was, however, was chosen to become the United States Senator. Blair died from paralysis on July 9, 1875. Blair, better than Benton, is a great representative for Missouri because of his heart for the state and the people. Bibliography Atkins, Scott. The Pilgrims in the Capitol. Virginia.edu. February 25, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//xroads.virginia.edu/cap/puritan/purrot.html. Francis Preston Blair. Architect of the Capitol. February 25, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/francis-preston-blair. General George Washington Resigning His Commission. Learn NC. February 25, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/6288. Parker, Edgar. Embarkation of the Pilgrims. Pilgrim Hall Museum. February 25, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/ce_history_paintings.htm. Swislocki, Allie and Joanna Hallac. Trumbulls Declaration of Independence Fact orFiction Blog, November 04, 2011. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//uschs.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/trumbulls-declaration-of-independence-fact-or-fiction/ The Embarkation of the Pilgrims. book dome. February 25, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//bookdome.com/architecture/National-Capitol/The-Embarkation-Of-The-Pilgrims.html. Thomas Hart Benton. Architect of the Capitol. February 25, 2014. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/thomas-hart-benton. Truettner, William H. Prelude to Expansion Repainting the Past. In West as America Reinterpreting Images on the Frontier, 1820-1920, edited by William H. Trumbulls Old Senate Chamber. Marylands Old Senate Chamber. September 21, 2012. Accessed February 25, 2014. http//marylandstatehouse.blogspot.com/2012/09/trumbulls-old-senate-chamber.html. Truettner, Prelude to Expansion, 55-95 and Vivian Green Fryd, Art Empire The Politics of Ethnicity in the United States Capitol, 1815-1860 (New Haven and London Yale University Press, 1992). Allie Swislocki and Joanna Hallac, Trumbulls Declaration of Independence Fact orFiction Blog, November 04, 2011. Accessed February 25, 2014. HYPERLINK http//uschs.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/trumbulls-declaration-of-independence-fact-or-fiction/http//uschs.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/trumbulls-declaration-of-independenc e-fact-or-fiction/. Trumbulls Old Senate Chamber, Marylands Old Senate Chamber, September 21, 2012, accessed February 25, 2014, http//marylandstatehouse.blogspot.com/2012/09/trumbulls-old-senate-chamber.html. General George Washington Resigning His Commission, Learn NC, February 25, 2014, accessed February 25, 2014, http//www.learnnc.org/lp/multimedia/6288. The Embarkation of the Pilgrims, book dome, February 25, 2014, accessed February 25, 2014, http//bookdome.com/architecture/National-Capitol/The-Embarkation-Of-The-Pilgrims.html. Atkins, Scott, The Pilgrims in the Capitol, Virginia.edu, February 25, 2014, accessed February 25, 2014, http//xroads.virginia.edu/cap/puritan/purrot.html. Edgar Parker, Embarkation of the Pilgrims, Pilgrim Hall Museum, February 25, 2014, accessed February 25, 2014, http//www.pilgrimhallmuseum.org/ce_history_paintings.htm. Thomas Hart Benton, Architect of the Capitol, February 25, 2014, accessed February 25, 2014, http//www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/thomas-hart-benton. Francis Preston Blair, Architect of